| Name |
Robert De Brus |
| Title |
In March 1304, Sir Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, died and was succeeded by his eldest son Robert VII as Baron Bruce and Lord of Annandale. He held this title from 1304 until 1312 when he passed the title to his nephew Thomas Randolph the 8th Lor |
| Prefix |
King |
| Suffix |
1 Of Scotland |
| Nickname |
The Bruce |
| Birth |
11 Jul 1274 |
Turnberry, Ayrshire, Scotland  |
Address:
Turnberry Castle |
| Christening |
11 Jul 1274 |
Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland |
| Gender |
Male |
| Occupation |
From 1292 to 1306 |
| Earl of Carrick |
| Became Earl of Carrick |
9 Nov 1292 |
| After the death of his mother Marjorie, Countess of Carrick, Robert's father transferred the Earldom of Carrick to him, their oldest son, on 9 November 1292. |
| Occupation |
From 1298 to 1300 |
Scotland |
| Guardians of Scotland were Regents who governed the Kingdom of Scotland when the true king was underaged or otherwise uncapable of governing. Bruce was a Guardian from 1298 to 1300, along with John Comyn III and William de Lamberton. |
| Event |
1306 |
| Witness death of John III The Red Comyn Comyn, Lord of Badenoch 1269-1306 |
| Coronation |
25 Mar 1306 |
Old Scone, Perthshire, Scotland |
| After declaring himself King of Scots, with the support of the majority of Scotland's nobility, Robert I was crowned at Scone by Bishop William de Lamberton on 25 March 1306. However, the Earls of Fife claimed the right to crown the king and had arrived too late, therefore, on 26 March 1306 Isabella, Countess of Buchan, crowned him a 2nd time making Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, Lord of Annandale, the Twice Crowned "King of the Scots". Crowned by both the Church and by the Noblity. |
| Occupation |
25 Mar 1306 |
| King of Scotland |
| Military |
Jul 1306 |
Tyndrum, Perthshire, Scotland |
| Battle of Dalrigh - MacDougall victory. On 19 June 1306 Bruce and his army were caught unprepared in their night camp at the Battle of Methven, west of Perth, by Aymer de Valence, an English general acting for Edward I. What was left of his army retreated westwards, towards the mountains of Argyll. When they reached Strathfillan they found their path blocked at Tyndrum by a large force of MacDougalls, said to have numbered 1,000 men, commanded by Alexander's son, John of Lorne, also known as John Bacach-'the Lame.' We do not know Valence's exact location at this time, but it is likely that his army was not far to the east in pursuit of his defeated enemy. Unable to retreat, Bruce's little army of 300 to 500, including women, the aged, etc. and a guard of Highland men, was forced into battle in disadvantageous circumstances in western Perthshire near the border with Argyll. |
Address:
Dalrigh |
| Military |
Feb 1307 |
Turnberry, Ayrshire, Scotland |
| Battle of Turnberry - Scottish Victory. King Robert I of Scotland's invasion of his ancestral lands in Annandale and Carrick began in 1307. The Carrick invasion force was led by Robert, his brother Edward de Brus, James Douglas, Lord of Douglas and Robert Boyd. The force comprised thirty three galleys. They sailed to Turnberry and landed near Turnberry Castle. The invasion force quickly overwhelmed the English forces of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy encamped around Turnberry Castle, but failed to take the castle. Henry de Percy was forced to leave the castle after this defeat. |
| Military |
10 Feb 1307 |
Stranraer, Galloway, Scotland |
| Battle of Loch Ryan - Rebel victory. They sailed into Loch Ryan and landed near Stranraer. The invasion force was quickly overwhelmed by local forces, led by Dungal MacDowall, who was a supporter of the Balliols, Comyns and King Edward I of England, and only two galleys escaped. All the leaders were captured. Dungal MacDowall, summarily executed the Irish sub king and Malcolm McQuillan, Lord of Kintyre. Alexander, Thomas and Reginald Crawford were sent to Carlisle, England, where they were executed. |
| Military |
Apr 1307 |
Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland |
| Battle of Glen Trool. Scottish victory. King Robert managed to establish a firm base in the area but it was vital that he made progress against the enemy if his cause was to attract the additional support that was so clearly needed. An early success came with a raid on an English camp on the eastern shores of the Clatteringshaws Loch. It also alerted the enemy to his presence. Aymer de Valence, King Robert's second cousin and opponent at Methven, received intelligence that his enemy was encamped at the head of Glen Trool. This was a difficult position to approach, for the loch takes up much of the glen, with only a narrow track bordered by a steep slope. Near the middle, the hill pushes forward in a precipitous abutment. Valence sent a raiding party ahead, of unknown size, perhaps hoping to catch the enemy off-guard in much the same fashion as at Methven. This time, however, King Robert made effective use of the terrain. King Robert sent some of his men up the slope with orders to loosen with levers |
| Military |
10 May 1307 |
Loudoun, Ayrshire, Scotland |
| Battle of Loudoun Hill - Scottish Victory. In February 1307 King Robert crossed from the island of Arran in the Firth of Clyde to his own earldom of Carrick, in Ayrshire, landing near Turnberry, where he knew the local people would be sympathetic, but where all the strongholds were held by the English. He attacked the town of Turnberry where many English soldiers were garrisoned inflicting many deaths and gaining a substantial amount of loot. A similar landing by his brothers Thomas and Alexander in Galloway met with disaster on the shores of Loch Ryan at the hands of Dungal MacDouall, the principal Balliol adherent in the region. Thomas and Alexander's army of Irish and Islemen was destroyed, and they were sent as captives to Carlisle, where they were later executed on the orders of Edward I. King Robert established himself in the hill country of Carrick and Galloway. King Robert had learned well the sharp lesson delivered at Methven: never again would he allow himself to be trapped by a stronger en |
| Military |
Aug 1308 |
Bridge of Awe, Argyllshire, Scotland |
| Battle of the Pass of Brander - Scottish victory. The Battle of the Pass of Brander in Scotland forms a small part of the wider struggle known as the Wars of Scottish Independence, and a large part of the civil war between the Bruce and Balliol factions, a parallel and overlapping conflict. It was a victory for King Robert the Bruce over the MacDougalls of Argyll, kinsmen of John Comyn, also known as the Red Comyn, who had been murdered by Bruce and his adherents at Dumfries in 1306. The sources do not allow us to determine the date of the battle with any degree of precision: various dates between 1308 and 1309 have been suggested, though the late summer of 1308 would seem to be the most likely. Traquair dates it to August 1308. |
| Military |
19 Feb 1314 |
Roxburghshire, Scotland |
| Capture of Roxburgh - Scottish victory. Roxburgh Castle was on impregnable ground, and was guarded well. Douglas and Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, disguised their few men as cows, so the garrison was unaware of their presence. They then used ladders to climb to the top and took the castle by total surprise. They inflicted heavy casualties on the garrison, including wounding their leader in the face with an arrow. |
| Military |
23 Jun 1314 |
Bannockburn, Stirlingshire, Scotland |
| Battle of Bannockburn - Scottish Victory. The Battle of Bannockburn (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Allt nam Bànag or Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich) fought on June 23-24, 1314, was a victory of the army of King of Scots Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence. Although it did not bring an end to the war, as victory would only be secured 14 years later, Bannockburn is still a major landmark in Scottish history. King Edward II invaded Scotland after Bruce demanded in 1313 that all supporters still loyal to ousted Scottish king John Balliol acknowledge Bruce as their king or lose their lands. Stirling Castle, a Scots royal fortress occupied by the English, was under siege by the Scottish army. King Edward assembled a formidable force of soldiers to relieve it – the largest army ever to invade Scotland. The English summoned 25,000 infantry soldiers and 2,000 horses from England, Ireland and Wales against 6,000 Scottish soldiers, that Bruce had divided i |
- Bruce and Henry de Bohun, nephew of the Earl of Hereford, faced off in what became a celebrated instance of single combat. Bohun charged at Bruce and, when the two passed side by side, Bruce split Bohun's head with his axe. The Scots then rushed the Engli
|
| Military |
22 Jul 1315 |
Carlisle, Cumberland, England |
| Siege of Carlisle - English victory The siege of Carlisle took place from 22 July to 1 August 1315, during the First War of Scottish Independence, near the town of Carlisle, in Cumbria, England. Following victory at Bannockburn in 1314, Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland, launched a series of raids into Northern England. Many areas along the Anglo-Scottish border were claimed by both Scotland and England, including Carlisle, which controlled access to North-West England. Carlisle Castle was a strong position, defended by a garrison commanded by Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle, an experienced veteran soldier. Despite their battlefield victories, the Scots lacked the expertise or resources necessary to sustain a lengthy siege; after failing to breach the walls, they withdrew on 1 August. Bruce arrived outside Carlisle on 22 July, and started by destroying the suburbs and spoiling the local crops. The Scots first attacked the gates, but they were thrown back after sustaining heavy losses; they th |
| Military |
Feb 1316 |
Coldstream, Berwickshire, Scotland |
| Battle of Skaithmuir - Scottish victory. The Battle of Skaithmuir was a skirmish of the First War of Scottish Independence. It took place near Coldstream, on the Anglo-Scottish border, in February 1316. The skirmish was fought between the Scottish captain Sir James Douglas, and an English raiding party from Berwick upon Tweed. The English were having difficulty getting supplies to Berwick after the Scots had won back the surrounding territory and the garrison was facing starvation. Under Edmond Caillou, a Gascon knight, about 80 men set out from Berwick to raid Teviotdale for cattle. Douglas, having been informed that there were fewer in the raiding party, set out to cut them off. Douglas won, and Caillou was killed. Douglas later called it the most difficult fight of his long career. The Scots under Douglas and Thomas Randolph went on to capture Berwick in April 1318. |
| Military |
Apr 1318 |
Berwick-Upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England |
| Siege of Berwick - Scottish Victory. Following the decisive Scots victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, the Scots had recovered all their strongholds, with the exception of Berwick. In September 1317, King Robert Bruce attempted a siege of Berwick, which lasted until November before he withdrew. The following April, Peter Spalding helped followers of Robert the Bruce enter and seize the town of Berwick from the English. He was English and a burgess of the town, but he was married to a cousin of Sir Robert Keith, Great Marischal of Scotland.The raiding party, led by Sir James Douglas, and possibly the Earl of Dunbar, took the town after a fight. The castle was warned when they lost control of their men, who began to plunder and failed to capture the castle. King Robert soon arrived with an army, and after an eleven-week siege, the castle garrison capitulated due to a lack of supplies. The English burgesses were expelled, and King Robert re-established Berwick as a Scottish trading port, install |
| Military |
20 Sep 1319 |
Myton On Swale, Yorkshire, England |
| Battle of Myton - Scottish victory. In April 1318, Berwick-upon-Tweed, the last Scottish stronghold which was in the hands of the English, was captured by Sir James Douglas and Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, two of King Robert Bruce's most able commanders. Ever since his defeat at Bannockburn in 1314, Edward II had been preoccupied by an ongoing political struggle with his senior barons, headed by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Repeated Scottish raids deep into the north of England had effectively been ignored: but the loss of Berwick was something different. Once the most important port in Scotland, it had been in English hands since 1296; during which time its defences had been greatly strengthened. News of its capture had a sobering effect on Edward and his magnates. Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, managed to arrange a temporary reconciliation between the king and Lancaster. In a spirit of artificial harmony, they came north together with a sizeable army in the summer of 1319. Queen Isabella accom |
| Treaty |
6 Apr 1320 |
Arbroath, Forfarshire, Scotland |
| Sign Declaration of Arbroath - The Declaration of Arbroath is written by Scottish barons and addressed to Pope John XXII. It constituted King Robert I's response to his excommunication for disobeying the pope's demand in 1317 for a truce in the First War of Scottish Independence. The letter asserted the antiquity of the independence of the Kingdom of Scotland, denouncing English attempts to subjugate it. |
| Military |
30 Sep 1322 |
| Great Raid - Scottish victory. The Great Raid of 1322 was a major raid on Northern England, carried out by Robert the Bruce during the First Scottish War of Independence between 30 September and 2 November 1322, resulting in the Battle of Old Byland. Numerous raids began by attacking the area around Carlisle and Northumberland, then eventually crossed over into North Yorkshire, resulting in property being burned and destroyed, valuables from the wealthy and abbeys being stolen, and some residents and livestock being captured and taken back to Scotland. After the death of Thomas of Lancaster during Despenser War whom Scotland supported as a means to cripple the English in their own war, the scots in 1322 raided deeper into Northern England to gain his inheritance, reaching as far south as Chorley in Lancashire and the East Riding. Few abbeys, settlements and towns were spared by bribing the raiders off, whereas most were not so fortunate. |
| Military |
14 Oct 1322 |
Scawton, Yorkshire, England |
| Battle of Old Byland - Scottish victory. Ever since Robert Bruce's victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, the Scots had taken the initiative in the wars with England, raiding deep into the north of the country repeatedly and with comparative ease to attempt to force the English to the peace-table. The English king, Edward II seemed incapable of dealing with the problem, distracted, as he often was, in a political struggle with his own barons and refused to even begin peace negotiations with the Scots which would have required recognizing Robert the Bruce as King of the Scots. In early 1322 the situation had become critical, with some senior English noblemen, headed by Thomas of Lancaster, preparing to enter into an alliance with the Scots. It seems unlikely that Bruce had much confidence in Lancaster, who referred to himself as 'King Arthur' in his negotiations with the Scots, but he was quick to take advantage of the threat of civil war in England. Scarcely had the truce of 1319 expired in Ja |
| Military |
Jul 1327 |
Weardale, Durham, England |
| Weardale Campaign - Scottish victory. The Weardale campaign, part of the First War of Scottish Independence, occurred during July and August 1327 in Weardale, England. A Scottish force under Lord Douglas and the earls of Moray and Mar faced an English army commanded by Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer, accompanied by the newly crowned Edward III. In 1326 the English king, Edward II, was deposed by his wife, Isabella, and her lover, Mortimer. England had been at war with Scotland for 30 years and the Scots took advantage of the chaotic situation to launch large raids into England. Seeing opposition to the Scots as a way of legitimising their position, Isabella and Mortimer prepared a large army to oppose them. In July 1327 this set off from York to trap the Scots and force them to battle. After two weeks of poor supplies and bad weather the English confronted the Scots when the latter deliberately gave away their position. The Scots occupied an unassailable position immediately north of the River W |
| Treaty |
17 Mar 1328 |
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| The Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton was a peace treaty signed in 1328 between the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. It brought an end to the First War of Scottish Independence, which had begun with the English party of Scotland in 1296. The treaty was signed in Edinburgh by Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, on 17 March 1328, and was ratified by the Parliament of England meeting in Northampton on 1 May. The terms of the treaty stipulated that in exchange for £100,000 sterling, the English Crown would recognise: The Kingdom of Scotland as fully independent; Robert the Bruce, and his heirs and successors, as the rightful rulers of Scotland; The border between Scotland and England as that recognised under the reign of Alexander III |
| _AMTID |
192683741425:1030:204653251 |
| _COLOR |
4 |
| _FSFTID |
LDQR-3KB |
| _UID |
D50AC1AB28B545BBB7308A238C80A7B120B1 |
| Death |
7 Jun 1329 |
Cardross Manor, Cardross, Dunbartonshire, Scotland |
| Burial |
15 Jun 1329 |
Dunfermline Abbey, Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland |
| Person ID |
I89850 |
World of Hyde |
| Last Modified |
15 Oct 2024 |
1274 - 1329 (54 years)
