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- William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame li Mareschal, French: Guillaume le Maréchal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman.
Knighted in 1166, he spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament competitor; Stephen Langton eulogised him as the "best knight that ever lived." In 1189, he became the de facto Earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel de Clare, though the title of earl would not be officially granted until 1199 during the second creation of the Pembroke Earldom. In 1216, he was appointed protector for the nine-year-old Henry III, and regent of the kingdom.
Before him, his father's family held a hereditary title of Marshal to the king, which by his father's time had become recognised as a chief or master Marshalcy, involving management over other Marshals and functionaries. William became known as 'the Marshal', although by his time much of the function was delegated to more specialised representatives (as happened with other functions in the King's household). Because he was an Earl, and also known as the Marshal, the term "Earl Marshal" was commonly used and this later became an established hereditary title in the English Peerage.
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Marshal's health finally failed him early in 1219. In March 1219 he realised that he was dying, so he summoned his eldest son, also William, and his household knights, and left the Tower of London for his estate at Caversham in Berkshire, near Reading, where he called a meeting of the barons, Henry III, the Papal legate Pandulf Verraccio, the royal justiciar (Hubert de Burgh), and Peter des Roches (Bishop of Winchester and the young King's guardian). William rejected the Bishop's claim to the regency and entrusted the regency to the care of the papal legate; he apparently did not trust the Bishop or any of the other magnates that he had gathered to this meeting. Fulfilling the vow he had made while on crusade, he was invested into the order of the Knights Templar on his deathbed.
He died on 14 May 1219 at Caversham, and was buried in the Temple Church in London, where his tomb can still be seen.
Descendants of William Marshal and Isabel de Clare
1. William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (1190 – 6 April 1231), married (1) Alice de Béthune, daughter of Baldwin of Bethune; (2) 23 April 1224 Eleanor Plantagenet, daughter of King John of England. They had no children.
2. Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1191 – 16 April 1234), married Gervase le Dinant. He died in captivity. They had no children.
3. Maud Marshal (1194 – 27 March 1248), married (1) Hugh Bigod, 3rd Earl of Norfolk, they had four children; (2) William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey, they had two children.
4. Gilbert Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke (1197 – 27 June 1241), married (1) Marjorie of Scotland, youngest daughter of King William I of Scotland; by an unknown mistress he had one illegitimate daughter:
- Isabel Marshal, betrothed to Rhys ap Maelgwn Fychan (son of Maelgwn ap Rhys)
5. Walter Marshal, 5th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1199 – November 1245), married Margaret de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln, granddaughter of Hugh de Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester. No children.
6. Isabel Marshal (9 October 1200 – 17 January 1240), married (1) Gilbert de Clare, 4th Earl of Hertford, whose daughter Isabel de Clare married Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, the grandfather of Robert the Bruce; (2) Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall
7. Sibyl Marshal (c. 1201 – 27 April 1245), married William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby; they had seven daughters.
- Agnes Ferrers (died 11 May 1290), married William de Vesci.
- Isabel Ferrers (died before 26 November 1260)
- Maud Ferrers (died 12 March 1298), married (1) Simon de Kyme, and (2) William de Vivonia (de Forz), and (3) Amaury IX of Rochechouart.
- Sibyl Ferrers, married Sir Francis or Franco de Bohun.
- Joan Ferrers (died 1267)
- Agatha Ferrers (died May 1306), married Hugh Mortimer, of Chelmarsh.
- Eleanor Ferrers (died 16 October 1274), married to:
8. Eva Marshal (1203–1246), married William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny
- Isabella de Braose (born 1222), married Prince Dafydd ap Llywelyn. She died childless.
- Maud de Braose (1224–1301), in 1247, she married Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer and they had descendants.
- Eva de Braose (1227 – 28 July 1255), married Sir William de Cantelou and had descendants.
- Eleanor de Braose (c. 1228 – 1251). On an unknown date after August 1241, she married Sir Humphrey de Bohun and had descendants.
9. Anselm Marshal, 6th Earl of Pembroke (c. 1208 – 22 December 1245), married Maud de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford. They had no children.
10. Joan Marshal (1210–1234), married Warin de Munchensi (died 1255), Lord of Swanscombe
- Joan de Munchensi (1230 – 20 September 1307) married William of Valence, the fourth son of King John's widow, Isabella of Angoulême, and her second husband, Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche. Valence was half-brother to Henry III and Edward I's uncle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Marshal%2C_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke
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“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
“WILLIAM MARSHAL, Knt., hereditary Marshal of England, Sheriff of Gloucestershire, 1189-94, 1198-1207, Sheriff of Sussex, 1193-1208, Warden of the Forest of Dean and Constable of St. Briavels Castle, 1194-1206, Constable of Lillebonne, 1202, Protector, Regent of the Kingdom, 1216-19, and, in right of his wife, Earl of Pembroke and Striguil, Lord of Leinster, probably born in 1146. In 1152 his father gave him as a hostage to King Stephen at the Siege of Newbury. At a later date, his father sent him to his cousin, William de Tancarville, Chamberlain of Normandy, with whom he remained for eight years as a squire. In 1167, while riding near the castle of Lusigan in Poitou with his uncle, Patrick, Earl of Salisbury, and Queen Eleanor, two of the Lusignan brothers attacked and killed Earl Patrick who was unarmed; William was wounded and taken prisoner while defending the Queen's retreat into the castle. Eventually he was ransomed by Queen Eleanor and returned to England. During the period, 1170-83, he was a member of the household of Henry "the Young King." In 1173 he supported Henry the Young King in his rebellion against King Henry II. Young Henry chose to knight him, and on his death bed in 1183, Henry charged him to carry his cross to the Holy Sepulchre. When William returned to England c.1187, King Henry II made him a member of his household. He was granted the manor of Cartmel, Lancashire by the king in 1187, where the following year he founded a priory for Regular canons of the order of St. Augustine. He was with King Henry II in France in 1188 and 1189. He was present at King Henry II's deathbed at Chinon in July 1189, and escorted the body to Fontevrault. He married in London in August 1189 ISABEL DE CLARE, daughter of Richard Fitz Gilbert [de Clare], 2nd Earl of Pembroke, by Eve, daughter of Dairmait Macmurchada, King of Leinster [see PEMBROKE 4 for her ancestry]. They had five sons, William, Knt. [Earl of Pembroke], Richard, Knt. [Earl of Pembroke], Gilbert, Knt. [Earl of Pembroke], Walter, Knt. [Earl of Pembroke and Lincoln], and Anselm [Earl of Pembroke], and five daughters, Maud, Isabel, Sibyl, Eve, and Joan. She was heiress in 1185-89 of her brother, Gilbert Fitz Richard (otherwise known as Gilbert de Strigoil). He was present at the Coronation of King Richard I in 1189, where he bore the gold scepter with the cross. Shortly afterwards he was appointed one of the subordinate Justiciars of England, first under Hugh, Bishop of Durham, and then under William de Longchamp. In 1190 he fined for 2,000 marks for a moiety of the lands of Walter Giffard, sometime Earl of Buckingham, including the manors of Chilton, Dorton, Long Crendon, and Loughton, Buckinghamshire, Caversham and Long Wittenham, Berkshire, and Wootton Rivers, Wiltshire, together with the fief of Longueville in Normandy. In 1191, when the Archbishop of Rouen superceded Longchamp, William became his chief assistant. When John, Count of Mortain (later King John) revolted in 1193, William besieged and took Windsor Castle. He was heir in 1194 to his elder brother, John Marshal, whereby he succeeded his brother as hereditary Master Marshal. He took part in the Siege of Nottingham Castle in 1194. From 1194 to 1199, he was almost continually in Normandy with King Richard I. One of Richard's last acts was to appoint him custodian of Rouen and the royal treasure there. He was present at the Coronation of King John in 1199. In 1200 the king confirmed the marshalship to him. He served John actively in Gascony, England, and Normandy. William may have paid a brief visit to Ireland in the winter of 1200-1. In 1201 he was granted a yearly fair to be held at the borough of Pembroke in Wales. In 1202 he loaned money to his kinsman, Geoffrey II, Count of Perche, who was preparing to go on crusade. In 1204 he was sent with Robert, Earl of Leicester as ambassadors to negotiate a truce with King Philippe Auguste of France. In 1204 he was granted a weekly market to be held in the vill of Castle Goodrich, Herefordshire. The same year he invaded Wales and captured Kilgerran. In 1206 he gave the Templars the advowson of the church of Speen, Berkshire. He spent most of his time in Ireland from 1207 to 1213. In 1213 he witnessed King John's charter of resignation to the Pope. He was given charge of the Castles of Haverfordwest, Carmarthen, Cardigan, and Gower, and Dunamase in Ireland. He was one of the few English earls to remain loyal to the king through the First Barons' War. He was one of the king's representatives at Runnymede in 1215.
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1146 - 1219 (73 years)
